"clifte" meaning in Middle English

See clifte in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈklift(ə)/ Forms: cliftes [plural], clift [alternative], clyfft [alternative], clyft [alternative], clyfte [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz; equivalent to cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix). The "cliff" sense is by association with clyf. Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|ġeclyft|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English ġeclyft, {{inh+|enm|ang|ġeclyft}} Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*klufti}} Proto-West Germanic *klufti, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*kluftiz}} Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, {{af|enm|cleven|-the|id1=to split|id2=abstract nominal|pos2=abstract nominal suffix|t1=to split}} cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} clifte, {{enm-noun|cliftes}} clifte (plural cliftes)
  1. A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:
    An anatomical split (especially the crotch)
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-MoDcPTB5 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Anatomy, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 18 18 19 19 14 2 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Anatomy: 22 22 23 22 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16
  2. A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:
    An incision or split in the skin (from disease or injury)
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-fQhSbpa4 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Anatomy, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 18 18 19 19 14 2 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Anatomy: 22 22 23 22 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16
  3. A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:
    (medicine) A tear in a membrane or muscle.
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-4kc0vN7K Categories (other): Medicine, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Anatomy, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 18 18 19 19 14 2 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Anatomy: 22 22 23 22 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16 Topics: medicine, sciences
  4. A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:
    (rare, surgery) A surgical incision.
    Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-eMlIG3P6 Categories (other): Surgery, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Anatomy, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 18 18 19 19 14 2 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Anatomy: 22 22 23 22 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16 Topics: medicine, sciences, surgery
  5. (rare) A shard or splinter. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-x-5Xsj7- Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 18 18 19 19 14 2 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16
  6. (rare) A cliff or bank. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-rJZWSVep
  7. (rare, Early Scots) A long wooden plank. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-clifte-enm-noun-4BMOVDVE Categories (other): Early Scots, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Landforms Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 18 20 16 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 16 16 16 16 5 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 16 16 16 17 2 16 Disambiguation of Landforms: 16 15 15 18 16 5 16

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "cleft"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "clift"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "cloft"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "clift"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "ġeclyft",
      "geclyft#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*klufti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klufti"
    ],
    [
      "*kluftiz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kluftiz"
    ],
    [
      "cleven",
      "cleven#Middle_English:_to_split"
    ],
    [
      "-the",
      "-the#Middle_English:_abstract_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "clyf",
      "clyf#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "ang",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
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        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
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        "3": "ġeclyft"
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      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kluftiz",
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      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cleven",
        "3": "-the",
        "id1": "to split",
        "id2": "abstract nominal",
        "pos2": "abstract nominal suffix",
        "t1": "to split"
      },
      "expansion": "cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz; equivalent to cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix).\nThe \"cliff\" sense is by association with clyf.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cliftes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clift",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyfft",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyft",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyfte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
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        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
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        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "clifte",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cliftes"
      },
      "expansion": "clifte (plural cliftes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 18 20 16 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 19 19 14 2 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal)",
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          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 5 16",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "22 22 23 22 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "enm:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 15 15 18 16 5 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "enm:Landforms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "An anatomical split (especially the crotch)"
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-MoDcPTB5",
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "anatomical",
          "anatomical"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "especially",
          "especially#English"
        ],
        [
          "crotch",
          "crotch#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 18 20 16 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
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          "_dis": "18 18 19 19 14 2 8",
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          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 23 22 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "enm:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 15 15 18 16 5 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "enm:Landforms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "An incision or split in the skin (from disease or injury)"
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-fQhSbpa4",
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "incision",
          "incision"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease#English"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "enm:Medicine",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 18 20 16 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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          "_dis": "18 18 19 19 14 2 8",
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          "kind": "other",
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          "_dis": "16 15 15 18 16 5 16",
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          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Landforms",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "A tear in a membrane or muscle."
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-4kc0vN7K",
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
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        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
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          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "muscle",
          "muscle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "(medicine) A tear in a membrane or muscle."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Surgery",
          "orig": "enm:Surgery",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 18 20 16 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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        },
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          "_dis": "18 18 19 19 14 2 8",
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          "kind": "other",
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          "name": "Anatomy",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 15 15 18 16 5 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "enm:Landforms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "A surgical incision."
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-eMlIG3P6",
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          "cleft",
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          "surgical"
        ],
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        ]
      ],
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        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "(rare, surgery) A surgical incision."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
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        "medicine",
        "sciences",
        "surgery"
      ]
    },
    {
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          "name": "Landforms",
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          "parents": [],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shard or splinter."
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-x-5Xsj7-",
      "links": [
        [
          "shard",
          "shard"
        ],
        [
          "splinter",
          "splinter"
        ]
      ],
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        "(rare) A shard or splinter."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A cliff or bank."
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-rJZWSVep",
      "links": [
        [
          "cliff",
          "cliff"
        ],
        [
          "bank",
          "bank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A cliff or bank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Early Scots",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long wooden plank."
      ],
      "id": "en-clifte-enm-noun-4BMOVDVE",
      "links": [
        [
          "long",
          "long"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
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          "plank",
          "plank"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Early Scots",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Early Scots) A long wooden plank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklift(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clifte"
}
{
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    "Middle English lemmas",
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    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
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    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
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    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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  "descendants": [
    {
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      "lang_code": "en",
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    },
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            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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      ],
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  ],
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      "ġeclyft",
      "geclyft#Old_English"
    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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    ],
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      "clyf",
      "clyf#Middle_English"
    ]
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      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*klufti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kluftiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kluftiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cleven",
        "3": "-the",
        "id1": "to split",
        "id2": "abstract nominal",
        "pos2": "abstract nominal suffix",
        "t1": "to split"
      },
      "expansion": "cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz; equivalent to cleven (“to split”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix).\nThe \"cliff\" sense is by association with clyf.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cliftes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clift",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyfft",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyft",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clyfte",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "clifte",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cliftes"
      },
      "expansion": "clifte (plural cliftes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "An anatomical split (especially the crotch)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "anatomical",
          "anatomical"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "especially",
          "especially#English"
        ],
        [
          "crotch",
          "crotch#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "An incision or split in the skin (from disease or injury)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "incision",
          "incision"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease#English"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "A tear in a membrane or muscle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "muscle",
          "muscle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "(medicine) A tear in a membrane or muscle."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "enm:Surgery"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "A surgical incision."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleft",
          "cleft"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "surgery",
          "surgery"
        ],
        [
          "surgical",
          "surgical"
        ],
        [
          "incision",
          "incision"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A cleft; a fissure, notch, or split in something:",
        "(rare, surgery) A surgical incision."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences",
        "surgery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shard or splinter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shard",
          "shard"
        ],
        [
          "splinter",
          "splinter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A shard or splinter."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cliff or bank."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cliff",
          "cliff"
        ],
        [
          "bank",
          "bank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A cliff or bank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Early Scots",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long wooden plank."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "long",
          "long"
        ],
        [
          "wooden",
          "wooden"
        ],
        [
          "plank",
          "plank"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Early Scots",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Early Scots) A long wooden plank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklift(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clifte"
}

Download raw JSONL data for clifte meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.